In addition to Mexican scholars, a number of others have described the colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar. Professor Everett Borders notes another very important indication of African presence, which is the nature of early American pyramids. web pages AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA He wrote: Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. <> Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? These were the first Negroes that had been seen in the Indies.4 Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains.5, Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. N17 9HT. Uploaded by The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. 7-The Underrepresentation of African American Female, The Olmecs: An African Presence in Early America (In Celebration of Black History Month) By Paul A. Barton The Perspective February 28, 2001 According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes ).30, The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity.31 For centuries the indigenous people there created and perpetuated a local culture that varied little from its surroundings. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Ancient African historian Professor Van Sertima has illustrated how Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican civilization to use a written language, sophisticated astronomy, arts and mathematics and they built the first cities in Mexico, all of which greatly influenced the Mayans and subsequent civilizations in the Americas. Armah . Ranging up to 11.15 feet in height and weighing 30 to 40 tons, these statues generally depict helmeted Black men with large eyes, broad fleshy noses and full lips. Viracocha was described in legends as a tall man with long beard, pale skin and using a rod that emitted thunders and lightnings; Quetzalcoatl was the Feathered serpent, tall and mastering of the secret of arts and time. African Presence in Early America (1987) is focused on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) The material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research and educational purposes. The earliest people in the Americas were people of the Negritic African race, who entered the Americas perhaps as early as 100,000 years ago, by way of the bering straight and about thirty thousand years ago in a worldwide maritime undertaking that included journeys from the then wet and lake filled Sahara towards the Indian Ocean and the This also holds true for large sections of Mesoamerica and far into South America Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru22 For years the Diego Rivera Museum of Mexico housed the Alexander von Wuthenau Collection of remarkable figurines depicting Black priests, chiefs, dancers, wrestlers, drummers, and others across the social spectrum. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, op. In recent times, it has been common to associate Latinos with the . Understand evolution from watch groups to formalized police agencies. When most people think about ancient Mexico, the first civilizations that come to mind are the Incas, Aztecs and the Maya. Garikai Chengu is a scholar at Harvard University. 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. On the strength of the colossal Olmec heads and other evidence, several early Mexican scholars concurred with Melgars contention that Black people settled the New World, particularly Mexico, in antiquity. Stephen Jett in Riley, Kelley, Pennington and Rands (eds. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. "A landmark . How African was the early human dispersal out of Africa, The roots of the Hispanic/Latino presence in the U.S. go back to colonial times when most of the countrys southern flank was under Spanish rule. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 358 pages. A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. JFIF ` ` C 1. He also claimed Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. THE PRESENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SCHOLARSHIP IN EARLY, THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN ANCIENT AMERICA REVISITED WITH RUNOKO RASHIDI An exciting new DVD by Runoko Rashidi! He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. 1-2) Ivan Van Sertima. I ask you: Are you ready for the showdown? African Presence in Early America. Pp. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region.46 In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? It examines the African origins and evolution of humanity, the African presence in classical civilizations, and Africans and people of The Mayans, Aztecs and Incas all worshipped black gods and the surviving portraits of the black deities are revealing. African Americans, one of the largest of the many ethnic groups in the United States. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen.21. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west;41 and the modern explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, has demonstrated that ships modeled after the ancient Egyptian papyrus boat could indeed successfully make such a journey.42 Other Africans also built sturdy, seaworthy ships.43, Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type.12. BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa He is the author or editor of eighteen books, the most recent of which . Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty. Joan, Eahr Amelia. Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World. WHEAT David. Jews Selling Blacks: Slave Sale Advertising by American Jews, "I Have Been Vindicated," Interview Final Call, 1992, How the Jews Crushed a Black Slave Revolt. %%O J8J:=t6gIg&K:L u'6KBDPgTHDIDI5o5$\3Q3J5h5$]fKF]QJF(I%J8Jf+#Z(iW&V2]Tw5i[$]jV$rYftqAAVrb9gXP:*]]`gea?XQ$ Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. DuBois Fellow at Harvard Uni- . Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. In 1922, about 350 miles northeast of Harappa, another large Indus city, Mohenjo-daro (the. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. He attended Princeton University and lectured at more than 100 colleges and universities. As early as the nineteenth century wrote Jonathan Leonard, a specialist on early Mexico, reports had come from this coastal region [the Mexican gulf coast] of gigantic heads with Negroid features.8 The first of these heads was discovered by Jose Melgar in Veracruz in 1862. In his Journal of the Second Voyage, Columbus wrote that when he reached Haiti, then labeled Espanola, the native people told him that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast in ships trading in gold tipped metal spears. Raboteau has said, all African-American study "speaks to the deeper meaning of the African-American presence in this nation. <> According to the toltec and aztec legends they both came by sea. 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