This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. Vietnam War, (1954-75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. Here's What to Know About Them 1st. On the west wall, the symbol precedes the name; on the east wall, the symbol follows the name. According to statistics from the South Vietnamese Ministry of Health, 44.5% of civilians admitted to hospitals between 1967 and 1970 were wounded by mines or mortars, 21.2% by guns or grenades, and 34.3% by artillery or bombing. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. 1972 FamilySearch Research Wiki Articles United States, National Archives, Military Records, 1885-2004 She is fluent in German and is a member of the U.K. Military Historical Society. Kennedys expansion stemmed in part from Cold War-era fears about the domino theory: if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would topple democracies throughout the whole of Southeast Asia, it was thought. Some photos that have been submitted are obituary photos, high school yearbook photos or Polaroids from Vietnam.. A diamond symbol signifies that the service members death was confirmed. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. They went to the grave, where Salois placed a single red . This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. Corrections? The Wall in Washington, DC has the names listed in the order of the date of death or when the person became missing. Forces in Southeast Asia, 1950 - 1976 NAID 745 RG, 472, Meritorious Unit Commendations, 1967 - 1971 NAID 4726287 Medal of Honor Awards Case Files, 1965 - ca. After looking at his friend on the Wall of Faces, he had one sentence for me: I forgot what he looked like.. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. Updates? The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. Kirby on June 8, 1968 and Lanny on October 14, 1969 Brothers Jerry and Joseph Hailey were both killed in Vietnam. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. Although the names are not listed alphabetically, it is not difficult for visitors to find a name on the Memorial. I am proud of my work with this project and will never forget this time in my life.. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. Once a master list was compiled, the names were checked manually for errors. The Memorial is dedicated to honor the courage . Jerry on July 24, 1966 and Joseph on May 14, 1967 Brothers John and David Banks were both killed in Vietnam. Once additions are approved by DoD, VVMF receives the list of approved names, coordinates the inscribing and absorbs the costs. The State of Indiana, Vietnam casualties list by county : list of names reported from Jan. 1, 1961 thru Mar. These numbers are not official statistics and are for informational purposes only. . "The Vietnam Wars." To put a circle around the symbol beside their names would not provide the correct historical context related to their situation. Civil War Battles. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. Alfred M. Gray Research Center The Wall That Heals has a large-screen TV and slideshow, Hoehn said. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. Rummel calculated PAVN/VC deaths at 1,062,000 and ARVN and allied war deaths of 741,000, with both totals including civilians inadvertently killed. The study's authors stated that methodological limitations of the study include imbalance between rural and urban areas and the potential exclusion of high mortality areas. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. Vietnam War, Awards and Decorations of Honor, 1965-1972. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces attacked a U.S. 23rd Infantry Division night defensive position near c Ph Base Camp.In the four hour battle 29 PAVN and seven U.S. soldiers were killed. These numbers do not include civilian and State of Vietnam/ARVN military deaths result from the communist collectivization and land reform in North Vietnam and mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. This change prompted the addition of 110 names in 1986. The personnel diaries include lists of officers in addition to the enlisted personnel. To obtain original copies of the records of this collection, contact the U.S. Department of Defense at: U.S. Department of Defense 1400 Defense Pentagon Washington, D.C. 20301-1400 703-571-3343 In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial bombing and ground fighting. Home of record does not necessarily refer to the place of birth, residence of next of kin, place of longest residence, or other common uses of the term hometown.. The war lasted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. [66][67] After the U.S.'s withdrawal from the conflict, the Pentagon estimated PAVN/VC deaths at 39,000 in 1973 and 61,000 in 1974. At the time, approximately 1,300 names were designated as servicemen who were either missing or prisoners of war. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. These names are followed by the inscription: Our nation honors the courage, sacrifice and devotion to duty and country of its Vietnam veterans. It granted him broad latitude in handling the struggle against communism in Southeast Asia. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. Rummel estimates 212,000 killed by Khmer Rouge (19671975), 60,000 killed by U.S. and 1,000 killed by South Vietnam (196773). During one review, Doubek found a glitch with the computer software: it did not recognize the spaces that appeared within a last name, such as van der Meide. Nor could it properly discern a compounded first name, such as Billy Bob, versus a traditional first and middle name. Updated on: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News. Names can also be located on The Wall of Faces on VVMFs web site, www.vvmf.org/wall-of-faces, Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund | 3033 Wilson Blvd, Suite 300 | Arlington VA 22201 | 202.393.0090 Salois was the first soldier from their unit to call the Klugs. If a name was particularly long, it would be swapped with a shorter name. [citation needed] Black people often made up a disproportionate 25% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military. The decades-long Wall of Faces project, meant to humanize the names on the iconic Vietnam War memorial, is now complete. To learn about us and how you can help maintain this site. I went through the whole list of names eight times, because I was concerned about the correct formatting, remembered Doubek. [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Australia deployed over 60,000 servicemen and women to the conflict in Vietnam between 1962 and 1975; Australians served between 1962 and 1973, and again for a brief period in 1975. [48] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Bnh Ha massacre. If youre looking to see where better photos are needed, you can do a search online through the Wall of Faces. Vietnam Casualties by State and City or Town This gallery lists the complete Vietnam War casualty files by State. U.S. casualties were listed as 72 killed and 372 wounded. [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. Others think it is just another tourist stop until they feel the haunting power of this unique work of remembrance. We worked very hard with volunteers from the Gold Star Mothers, recalled Doubek. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. November 11, 1982. Vietnam War Casualties- Main Alphabetical Index www.VirtualWall.org Find A Name Information Memorial pages honoring Vietnam War casualties, listed by their last names. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. Washington, DC 20374-5060, For records relating to U.S. national war policy, information may be found in, Vietnam War Casualty and POW/MIA Records Descriptions, Vietnam War Fatal Casualty Statistics (U. S. Armed Forces Personnel), State Lists of U. S. Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, Electronic Data Records Relating to Military Objectives and Activities During the Vietnam War, Search Selected Vietnam War Electronic Records, RG 472 United States Forces in Southeast Asia, 1950-1975, Office of Civil Operations and Rural Support (CORDS), Marine Corps Command Chronologies for the Vietnam War, Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, RG 335 Office of the Secretary of the Army, RG 341, Records of the U.S. Air Force Staff, RG 342, Records of U.S. Air Force Commands, Activities, and Organizations, RG 340, Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, RG 27 Records of the Marine Corps - Command Chronologies (Entry UD-07D 1), RG 24 Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, RG 218 Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, RG 330 Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. Please Note: These records have not been processed and almost all are still classified. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. The . According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. As of 2017, there are 58,318 names inscribed on The Wall. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. Calculating U.S. (in PDF format, sorted alphabetically by last name of casualty) American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Canal Zone Alabama / Alaska / Arizona / Arkansas / California / Colorado / Connecticut / Delaware / Florida / Georgia / Hawaii / Idaho / Illinois / Indiana / Iowa / Kansas / Kentucky / Louisiana / Maine / Maryland / Massachusetts / Michigan / Minnesota / The job of cross-referencing the information of individual branches with the DoD fell to Doubek. Moyar, Mark. They also assert that the U.S. overall suffered fewer casualties than its opponents. The National Archives has custody of a wide assortment of both textual documents and electronic records related to the Vietnam conflict. It specified the geographic areas of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and surrounding coastal areas as combat zones. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Locate the corresponding panel at the Memorial. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed the most prominent being the Hu Massacre and the M Lai Massacre. With this list in hand, he went to the various locations where individual service records were kept to review files. The list of names goes down panel 1 East, then to the right to line 1 of panel 2 East. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. Encounter Books, December 2022. Not far away in another grove of eight trees is a sculpture of three servicewomen caring for a wounded soldier - the Vietnam Women's Memorial. She has written numerous military history books, articles and book reviews and is also an award-winning author. The panels are numbered beginning from the center out toward the ends of each wall. The essence of the Wall is the names and the reaction of the visitor to seeing his or her reflection in this sea of remembrance. He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. Another potential limitation is the relatively small sample size of the study. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. And there would be nothing to denote service or rank. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. He tried to make the best call he could when adding names to the list. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial provides a searchable database of names included on the Memorial, as well as lists of casualties. Lewy reduced the number of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) battle deaths claimed by the U.S. by 30 percent (in accordance with the opinion of United States Department of Defense officials), and assumed that one third of the reported battle deaths of the PAVN/VC may have actually been civilians. Officials have released the names of the victims of the Dadeville, Alabama mass shooting at a birthday party. Estimates can include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. They seem honored to be putting the names on the Wall.. The numbers of lives that have been touched by this memorial go . Washington Navy Yard Some common names appear on the Memorial more than once. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. Inscribed dots in the margins of every other panel mark every 10 lines to aid in counting. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. In January 1968, the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) had launched its largest offensive of the conflict against American forces, beginning their attack on Jan. 30, the start of the Vietnamese holiday. The Battle of Signal Hill was a company size engagement between members of Company E, 52nd Infantry (LRP) long-range reconnaissance patrol of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) from 19 to 21 April 1968 during Operation Delaware.Signal Hill was the name given to the peak of Dong Re Lao Mountain, a densely forested 4,878-foot (1,487 m) mountain in the A . Although the Wall of Faces now has a photo for each name, the VVMF continues to search for additional, higher-quality images and stories. Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. [68] Per the official Vietnamese history, over 10,000 more PAVN soldiers were killed in the final offensive of early 1975. among the more than 58,000 names on the Vietnam . Their names, however, have been removed from the printed Directory of Names. For this figure, Guenter Lewy assumes that one-third of the reported enemy killed may have been civilians, concluding that the actual number of deaths of the VC and PAVN military forces was probably closer to 444,000. John on March 28, 1966 and David on April 21, 1969 Brothers George and James Wright were both killed in Vietnam. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. The Wall of Faces gallery, an initiative of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, is now finally complete after more than two decades of research, the VVMF has announced. Note the panel and line number for the name listed. In some cases, the researchers found, the project did even more. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. The National Archives and Records Administration prepared theseVietnam War casualty lists by creating extracts from the military casualty data files in the Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Record Group 330). The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years," downloaded from the Vietnamese government website datafile on 1 December 2017. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. LOUISVILLE, Ky. Two people were killed and four others injured in Louisville, Kentucky, when someone shot into a crowd at a park on Saturday evening, the city's second mass shooting of . The Wall USA is a non-profit endeavor maintained by veterans of the 4th Battalion 9th Infantry Regiment for the benefit of all. 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